초음파 자격증 ARDMS ABDOMEN

먼저 전체적인 복부 내용에 대해 정리를 하도록 하겠습니다. 

시험 공부를 하면서 정리해놓은 내용입니다.

혹시 이 블로그를 보시는 분들은 참고만 해주시길 바라고 따로 공부를 해주시길 바랍니다.

 먼저 ARTIFACT에 대해 간단하게 정리를 하고 들어가도록 하겠습니다.

 

artifact	explanation
anisotropy (이방성, 비등방성)	occurs when the sound beam strikes a structure in a nonperpendicular manner, resulting in a loss of the true echogenicity of the structure. ex) seen when imaging tendons.
comet tail	a type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces. ex) seen with adenomyomatosis of the GB
dirty shadowing	caused by air or bowel gas. ex) most often seen emanating from bowel.
edge shadowing	reflective or refractive effect seen deep to the margins of a round structure that have a significantly different speed of sound compared to surrounding tissue. may be termed refractive shadowing. ex) often seen arising from cystic structures and appears as narrow shadow lines originating at the edge of these structures.
mirror image	produced by a strong specular reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than the correct location ex) seen posterior to the liver and diaphragm
posterior (acoustic) enhancement or through transmission	produced when the sound beam is barely attenuated through a fluid or a fluid-filled structure ex) GB, and renal cysts, and with ascites.
refraction	caused by the bending of the ultrasound beam when it passes through an interface between two tissues with vastly dissimilar speeds of sound and the angle of the approach is not perpendicular. ex) seen rectus muscles of the abdominal wall
reverberation artifact	caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent interface and subsequent production of false echoes. ex)seen echogenic region in the anterior aspect of the gb or other fluid – filled structures.
ring down artifact	artifact that appears as a solid streak or a chain of parallel bands radiating away from a structure ex) gas bubble, pneumobilia
shadowing	caused by attenuation of the sound beam ex)bone and calculi like gallstone and renal stones.
side lobe	caused by sound beams that are peripheral to the main sound beam ex) low level echoes within fluid, mimicking slude, debris, or pus within a fluid-filled structure like the GB
twinkle artifact	occurs behind strong, granular, and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications ex)small kidney or biliary stones.

 

the list of intraperitoneal organs

: GB, LIVER(except for the bare area),

OVARIES, SPLEEN(except for splenic hilum), STOMACH

 

the list of retroperitoneal organs

: abdominal lymph nodes, adrenal glands, aorta,

ascending and descending colon, duodenum, IVC, kidney, pancreas, prostate gland, ureters, urinary bladder, uterus

 

 

peritoneal cavity spaces	location and significant points
subphrenic spaces	inferior to the diaphragm
	divided into RT and LT
subhepatic spaces	divided into right(ant and post) and left
	RT is located between the right lobe of the liver and right kidney
	posterior right subhepatic space is also referred to as morrison pouch
	left is located between the left lobe of liver and stomach
lesser sac	between the stomach and pancreas
	common location for pancreatic pseudocysts
paracolic gutters	extend alongside the ascending and descending colon in both sides of the abdomen
posterior cul-de-sac	male : between the urinary bladder and rectum ; also referred to as the rectovesical pouch
	female : between the uterus and rectum; also referred to as the rectovesical pouch
retropubic space	between the pubic bone and urinary bladder
	also referred to as the space of retzius
anterior cul de sac	between the urinary bladder and uterus
	also called the vesicouterine pouch in females

 

 

잘 나타나는 양성 종양의 위치
adenoma	most organs
adrenal rest tumor	testicle
angiomyolipoma	kidney
focal nodular hyperplasia	liver
granuloma	liver and spleen
gastrinoma	pancreas
hamartoma	kidney
hemangioma	liver, spleen, and kidney
hematoma	anywhere an organ/tissue is affected by trauma
insulinoma	pancreas
lipoma	liver, spleen kidney, and superficial
oncocytoma	kidney
pheochromocytoma	adrenal gland
teratoma	testicle / ovary
urinoma	adjacent to a kidney transplant

잘 나타나는 악성 종양의 위치
adenocarcinoma	pancreas and gastrointestinal tract
angiosarcoma	spleen
choriocaricinoma	testicle
cholangiocarcinoma	biliary tree
cystadnocarcinoma	췌장
embryonal cell carcinoma	testicle
follicular carcinoma	갑상선
hypernephroma(renal cell carcinoma)	신장
leukemia	비장, 간, 고환
lymphoma	비장, 신장, 고환
medullary carcinoma	갑상선
papillary carcinoma	갑상선
seminoma	고환
transitional cell carcinoma	방광, 요관, 신장
yolk sac tumor	고환

 

pediatric malignant abdominal mass and location

 

1. hepatoblastoma : liver

2. nephroblastoma(=wilms tumor) : kidney

3. neurovlastoma : adrenal gland

 

[여기서 저는 wilms tumor가 일어나는 위치 문제 나왔었어요!]